Blue Mother, black Sea, miserable son:

transatlantic symbol of dark crossing in El Metro, Le Ventre de l’Atlantique and Celles qui attendent.

Abstract

This investigation proposes an analysis of dark crossing of African migrant in Europe mild and bitter on the double representation Sea/Mother in migration literature. In fact, it’s succinctly a hispano-ecuatoguinean and two French-Senegalese novels: El Metro, Le Ventre de l’Atlantique and Celles qui attendent. In that way, we are based on triple approach relevant to invisibility of Nina de Friedmann, to Orientalism of Edward Said and the stylistic method in order to examine the symbol of transatlantic crossing of migrant son subject which discloses literary photography and historical facts. The question is to show the reviving of ghost of enslavement in the illegal migration caused by the connection sacred and old of Sea/Mother representation.