ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DE PAISAGENS TÉRMICAS E ILHAS DE CALOR NO MUNICÍPIO DE RIO BRANCO UTILIZANDO IMAGENS DO SATÉLITE LANDSAT-8 SENSOR TIRS (2015-2020)
Palavras-chave:
sensoriamento remoto térmico, temperatura de superfície terrestre, Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS, Ilhas de calor, Planejamento urbanoResumo
Este estudo explora a aplicação do sensoriamento remoto para avaliar as mudanças ambientais e identificar ilhas de calor em áreas urbanas, destacando a importância dessa ferramenta no planejamento urbano. O objetivo principal foi utilizar dados térmicos do satélite Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS para analisar a vegetação e a cobertura do solo em Rio Branco, AC, e identificar áreas com ilhas de calor. Foram utilizadas imagens de 2015 e 2020, as quais foram calibradas e corrigidas usando o algoritmo Split-Window. A classificação do uso e cobertura do solo foi realizada com o método Support Vector Machine. Os resultados mostraram que as maiores temperaturas superficiais (TST) foram registradas em áreas urbanas densamente povoadas, especialmente nas áreas centrais da cidade e no Primeiro Distrito, além de áreas degradadas, as quais apresentaram umas temperaturas superiores a 40 °C às 10h locais. O índice de vegetação NDVI apresentou correlação negativa com a TST, indicando que áreas com maior cobertura vegetal tendem a ter temperaturas mais baixas. O índice NDBI mostrou uma correlação positiva e forte com a TST, associando maior urbanização a temperaturas mais elevadas. O índice MNDWI também apresentou correlação negativa com a TST, sugerindo que a presença de água ajuda a reduzir as temperaturas. Foi possível concluir que o sensoriamento remoto térmico é uma ferramenta essencial para estudos de temperatura em áreas urbanas, permitindo a identificação de ilhas de calor. Os resultados encontrados serão de grande importância para apoiar o planejamento urbano, auxiliando na definição de estratégias para mitigar os efeitos das ilhas de calor e melhorar o conforto térmico nas cidades.
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