Genus Copaifera L. in the State of São Paulo: botanical, taxonomic and phytochemical aspects

Abstract

Increasing demand for natural products and the search for more sustainable alternatives have driven interest in copaiba oil in recent times. This product is typically obtained through extractivism in the northern region of Brazil and distributed globally. The objective of this work was to perform a literature review on the 3 species of Copaifera occurring in the State of São Paulo, seeking to synthesize information about their botanical/taxonomic characteristics, distribution, chemical characteristics, and their traditional and pharmaceutical applications. The survey showed that the 3 species of Copaifera have traditional uses with distinct chemical and botanical profiles. It was observed that C. malmei has more prominent morphological characteristics in relation to other species, among which the shrub habit stands out. Relevant information was highlighted for the direction of new research focused on the use of Copaifera spp. in the areas of botany, plant science, phytochemistry, pharmaceuticals, ecology, and sustainability.